Elevation of CD56brightCD16- lymphocytes in MDR pulmonary tuberculosis

Background: Protective immune responses induced in the majority of people infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis enable them to control TB infection. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate CD56 and CD16 positive peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and leukocyte subsets from multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR-TB), and compare them with nonresistant (NR) TB patients and healthy controls. Methods: 13 MDR-tuberculosis patients, 20 NR-TB individuals and 40 healthy subjects were included. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were double stained with fluorochrome conjugated antibodies against CD56 and CD16 cell surface markers. The phenotype of positive cells was then analyzed by flow cytometry and the percent- ages of CD56+ CD16+, CD56- CD16+, CD56dimCD16+/-, and CD56brightCD16+/- subsets were calculated. Results: There was a significant decline in the percentage of CD56+CD16+ lymphocytes in both MDR and NR-TB patients compared with healthy controls. We also observed lower proportions of CD56dim/brightCD16+ in addition to higher percentages of CD56dim/brightCD16- subsets in all TB patients (p�0.05). In MDR- TB, our findings demonstrated a distinct phenotypic feature with increased levels of CD56brightCD16- in comparison with both NR-TB and healthy subjects. Conclusion: Considering the function of CD56/CD16 expressing cells in TB, we suggest that pheno- typic characteristics of PBMCs in MDR-TB may correlate with their status of drug re- sistance and probably with their high mortality rates

Non-surgical removal of some stones from a red tailed catfish (Phractocephalus hemioliopterus) stomach as gastric foreign bodies

A red-tailed catfish (Phractocephalus hemioliopterus) referred to Aquatic Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran for showing lethargy, bottom sitting, extension of abdomen and severe abdominal injuries. Its abdomen was swollen and the bulk of the foreign bodies were easily palpated. The heaviness of foreign bodies had made swimming and buoyancy difficult for fish. Several radiographic images were taken after anaesthetizing the catfish with 10% carvacrol, 2 drops in 1 liter of water. Radiographs revealed some stones with their size, number and location. Stones were removed non-surgically through the large oral cavity using suitable forceps. Totally 16 stones and 2 shells were removed from the stomach of the fish. The catfish was then returned to the water where normal swimming and buoyancy was restored

Exercise and nutritional interventions on sarcopenia and frailty in heart failure: a narrative review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses

The purpose of this review is to describe the present evidence for exercise and nutritional interventions as potential contributors in the treatment of sarcopenia and frailty (i.e. muscle mass and physical function decline) and the risk of cardiorenal metabolic comorbidity in people with heart failure (HF). Evidence primarily from cross-sectional studies suggests that the prevalence of sarcopenia in people with HF is 37% for men and 33% for women, which contributes to cardiac cachexia, frailty, lower quality of life, and increased mortality rate. We explored the impact of resistance and aerobic exercise, and nutrition on measures of sarcopenia and frailty, and quality of life following the assessment of 35 systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The majority of clinical trials have focused on resistance, aerobic, and concurrent exercise to counteract the progressive loss of muscle mass and strength in people with HF, while promising effects have also been shown via utilization of vitamin D and iron supplementation by reducing tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), c-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (11-6) levels. Experimental studies combining the concomitant effect of exercise and nutrition on measures of sarcopenia and frailty in people with HF are scarce. There is a pressing need for further research and well-designed clinical trials incorporating the anabolic and anti-catabolic effects of concurrent exercise and nutrition strategies in people with HF

Left Atrial Size Physiologic Determinants and Clinical Applications

Left atrial (LA) enlargement has been proposed as a barometer of diastolic burden and a predictor of common cardiovascular outcomes such as atrial fibrillation, stroke, congestive heart failure, and cardiovascular death. It has been shown that advancing age alone does not independently contribute to LA enlargement, and the impact of gender on LA volume can largely be accounted for by the differences in body surface area between men and women. Therefore, enlargement of the left atrium reflects remodeling associated with pathophysiologic processes. In this review, we discuss the normal size and phasic function of the left atrium. Further, we outline the clinically important aspects and pitfalls of evaluating LA size, and the methods for assessing LA function using echocardiography. Finally, we review the determinants of LA size and remodeling, and we describe the evidence regarding the prognostic value of LA size. The use of LA volume for risk stratification is an evolving science. More data are required with respect to the natural history of LA remodeling in disease, the degree of LA modifiability with therapy, and whether regression of LA size translates into improved cardiovascular outcomes

Transient Midventricular Ballooning Syndrome A New Variant

We describe a new variant of transient left ventricular (LV) ballooning in North American Caucasian patients in which only the midventricle is affected. The patients described in this case series initially presented with emotional or physical stress and had similarities to transient apical ballooning syndrome; however, this variant is unique in that the transient ballooning involves the midventricle with hypercontractility of the apical and basal segments. The presentation, clinical features, and transient nature of the reported cases in this series are similar to transient LV apical ballooning and suggest a shared pathophysiologic etiology. Sparing of the apical segment with involvement of midventricle only supports etiologies not related to an epicardial coronary artery distribution. Although the pathophysiologic mechanism of the transient ventricular ballooning syndromes and other cases of catecholamine-associated transient ventricular dysfunction are not well understood, the emergence of this new variant raises further questions in the understanding of the “brain-heart” relationship

Eliminacija kloramfenikola u kalifornijskoj pastrvi

Chloramphenicol muscle residue levels in rainbow trout were determined after oral administration of 84 μg kg−1d−1 of chloramphenicol for four days. Samples were taken one day before treatment and for 43 days after the treatment was over. Chloramphenicol was analysed using an in-house enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) validated against the criteria of the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. Validation parameters confi rmed that the method was appropriate for the detection of chloramphenicol at levels below the minimum required performance limit (MRPL) of 0.3 μg kg−1. The highest chloramphenicol levels were observed on the fi rst day after the treatment had ended (144.3 μg kg−1). Elimination was signifi cant over the fi rst seven days; signifi cant differences were detected between days 1 and 3 (p<0.001), 3 and 5 (p<0.001), and 5 and 7 (p<0.05). Chloramphenicol levels dropped below MRPL to 0.17 μg kg−1 on day 9 after the end of treatment. From day 11 to 43, chloramphenicol residues were detectable in a range from 0.091 μg kg−1 (highest) to 0.011 μg kg−1 (lowest). Our results indicate that trout muscle tissue could be compliant with health requirements for consumption 10 days after withdrawal from chloramphenicol treatment.Određivani su ostaci kloramfenikola u mišićnom tkivu kalifornijske pastrve nakon oralne primjene u dozi od 84 μg kg−1d−1 tijekom 4 dana. Uzorkovanje je provedeno dan prije tretmana te tijekom 43 dana nakon tretmana. Maseni udjeli kloramfenikola određivani su primjenom in-house imunoenzimske metode (ELISA) validirane prema kriterijima Odluke Komisije 2002/657/EC. Dobiveni validacijski parametri pokazuju da je metoda prikladna za određivanje kloramfenikola na nivou manjem od vrijednosti granice najmanje zahtijevane učinkovitosti izvedbe metode (MRPL) od 0,3 μg kg−1. Najviši maseni udjeli kloramfenikola utvrđeni su prvog dana nakon završetka tretmana (144,3 μg kg−1). Statistički značajna eliminacija utvrđena je tijekom sedam dana te je značajno smanjenje određeno između prvog i trećeg (p<0,001), trećeg i petog (p<0,001) te petog i sedmog dana nakon tretmana (p<0,05). Razina kloramfenikola ispod MRPL vrijednosti utvrđena je devetog dana (0,17 μg kg−1) nakon tretmana. U vremenu od 11. do 43. dana nakon tretmana određeni su ostaci kloramfenikola od maksimalno 0,091 μg kg−1 do minimalno 0,011 μg kg−1. Prikazani rezultati pokazuju da se 10 dana nakon završetka tretmana tkivo pastrve može smatrati prikladnim za konzumaciju bez potencijalne štete za zdravlje

Isolation and proliferation of spermatogonial cells from ghezel sheep

Background: Sheep industry has taken steps toward transforming itself into a more efficient and competitive field. There are many varieties of sheep breeds in the world that each of them serves a useful purpose in the economies of different civilizations. Ghezel sheep is one of the Iranian important breeds that are raised for meat, milk and wool. Field of spermatogonial cell technologies provides tools for genetic improvement of sheep herd and multiple opportunities for research. Spermatogonial cells are the only stem cells capable of transmitting genetic information to future generations. Methods: This study was designed to extend the technique of isolation and in vitro proliferation of spermatogonial cells in Ghezel sheep. Results: Isolated cells were characterized further by using specific markers for type A spermatogonia, including PLZF. Also, sertoli cells were characterized by vimentin which is a specific marker for sertoli cells. After 10 days of co-culture, viability rates of the cells was above 94.7, but after the freezing process the viability rates were 74 percent. Conclusion: In this study, a standard method for isolation and in vitro proliferation of spermatogonial stem cells in Ghezel sheep was developed. © 2018, Avicenna Journal of Medical Biotechnology. All rights reserved